Island wide: 174 600 square kilometers, is the largest island of the world to-11 (67, 413 square
miles, 17.4 million hectares, or 43 million acres)
Population: 16 million (2005)
Country: Indonesia
Biodiversity: 1450 birds, 127 mammals
Percentage HutanSekitar 20%
Depreciation Forests average: 2.35 percent per year between 1985 to 1997)
Depreciation Cause Forest: Farming, logging, and mining
REVIEW: SULAWESI
Shaped like the letter 'k' small Indonesian island of Sulawesi is the eleventh largest island in the
world. A treasure-trove of biodiversity with a surprising number of endemic species (species that
are not found anymore in the world), Sulawesi formerly known as Celebes-has only recently
become the target of conservationists. While many still uninhabited islands, stout in doing
observations by researchers, so many forest habitat has been lost.
Tropical forests that once covered the whole island has been widely deforested by agriculture,
logging, and mining. This process accelerated in the late 20th century when the government began
to support commercial logging and large agricultural projects. Residents also began Converting
forest to Agriculture.
A study in 2007 found that 80 percent of Sulawesi forest is lost or damaged, including almost all
lowland rainforest Sulawesi rich and mangrove forests. This study further speculated that smaller
forest Depreciation in the future, it may be because most of the forest land useless for cultivation
and harvesting is gone. With some interesting commercial trees, forest upland Sulawesi fared
better, although many suffer from degradation.
GEOGRAPHICAL SULAWESI
174 600 square kilometers wide, the island of Sulawesi is the eleventh largest in the world after
Ellesmere Island in Canada. It is famously described as a large island with attractive interior, given
that the island is almost entirely made up of four interconnecting peninsula or island liaison.
Large and long coastline of 6,000 kilometers winding. The island is surrounded by other large
islands: Borneo or Kalimantan in the west, the Philippines to the north, the islands of the Moluccas
to the east, and Flores and Timor to the south.
Politically, Sulawesi is divided into six provinces in Indonesia: Mamuju (West Sulawesi), Manado
(North Sulawesi), Palu (Central Sulawesi), Makassar (South Sulawesi), Kendari (Southeast
Sulawesi), and Gorontalo. With 1.25 million people, Makassar is the largest city on the island,
located in the southwestern peninsula.
Strange form of Sulawesi peninsula connected to the five little holding them together-created by
plate collision several from Asia, Australia, and the Pacific islands.
This island contains thirteen freshwater lakes including the deepest lake in Southeast Asia, Lake
Matano.
ECONOMY
Sulawesi is largely dependent on the sea for food crops and economy,: in 2004 the farm
comprised 34 percent of the economy per Sulawesi. Important crops include coconut Sulawesi
economy, nutmeg, soy, coffee, and rice. The island is one of the world's largest cocoa producer.
Also look to generate a lot of clove cigarettes.
Fisheries aquaculture, has become important for the economy Sulawesi. Fish ponds and shrimp
farming has replaced many mangrove islands.
Other economic industries including commercial wood like teak and rattan and tourism, which is
seen as increasingly important for the government.
In 2004, 16.7 percent of Sulawesi's population is considered to live in poverty. Most of the poor
live in rural areas. But the lack of government attention to this, even in some of the reports
suggest that there are some people that actually wilayang medium that received government aid.
PROFILE OF BIODIVERSITY SULAWESI
Sulawesi has an incredible diversity of flora and fauna of terrestrial and coastal marine life rich.
Because the island sits in Wallace's Line port of the ancestral species of both Asia and Australasia,
although most are from the Australasian.
On land, the percentage of endemic species is very important. 127 known mammals, 72 are
endemic or native spesiaes, making it the highest Sulawesi endemic mammals in the world (62
percent). Bats are not included, because they have a better potential for migration, but in fact the
species here so much more. In addition, 34 percent of nearly 1,500 birds are endemic to Sulawesi.
There are many other fauna but little studied. Twenty-five species of amphibian have been found,
40 lizard species, and at least 52 terrestrial snake. In addition, there are 38 species of butterflies
greatest, One who is so fascinated researchers Alfred Russel Wallace on his visit to the island. The
researchers also found 67 species of fish endemic to Sulawesi mangroves.
Some Animals are protected include:
* Two species of wild cattle, anoa lowlands and mountain anoa. Both are listed as endangered by
the IUCN, little is known about the animals but they are hunted for food and their horns.
* Pig-deer, consists of three types of pigs. Each pig deer Males had four tusks, two are attached
through their snouts. All three species are threatened with extinction.
* Palm Civet is classified as Vulnerable. These predators live and hunt in the wide-range of
habitats.
* Black monkey called the most endangered primates in Sulawesi. The animals were killed to take
the meat and capture for the pet trade. In addition, deforestation and mining have taken a large
role in their habitat. They used to live in groups and are now left 100ekor. The species is
considered endangered.
* This is maleo endangered birds such as the size of a chicken. Their traditional nesting sites, more
than a third of the population has died as a result of human impact. They lay one large egg in a
deep hole, but sometimes people hunt for eggs memakanan.
New species discovered include Togian white eyes, black and white small passerine olive, which is a
rare possibility, while the eagle owl in 2004, a dwarf species was rediscovered in the tertiary area in
2000, and a new species, fifteen beetles in 2005.
island biodiversity is much more to the discovery and study.
PROFILE MARINE
Sulawesi is surrounded by a sea rich with large habitat seaweed and coral reefs. This habitat is
home to sea slugs, and green sea turtles, and dugongs and six of the seven species of giant clams
world. Whales that use water as habitattermasuk sperm whales, pygmy sperm whales, and killer
whales.
One of the marine biodiversity of Sulawesi coelacanth. This is the second victim of prehistoric
species and classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List as threatened as bycatch.
FOREST SULAWESI
Sulawesi has a surprising diversity of forest types: fourteen different forest ecosystems have been
identified. The diversity of the forest area is part of the reason the island is called as the high level
of endemic biodiversity.
Mangrove forests: are found in estuaries and along the coastline of the Sulawesi. At one time
covered most of the mangrove shoreline, but most have been lost.
Montane forests: 1,000 meters above sea level, this is the most intact forest in Sulawesi. lowland
forests consist mainly of oak and chestnut species, while the mountainous jungle to life a variety
of conifers.
rain forest: This type of forest and learned a little unique. Received the lowest number of rain
forests in Indonesia and able to survive a long drought. However, many of the types of forest have
been lost over grazing land.
Ultramafic forest: a unique forest type that grows in poor soil with little nutrients ultramafic plant
diversity, but the unique endemic plants such as pitcher plants-have evolved to fill this niche.
ultramafic forest consists of short twisted trees. Some fauna live here.
Limestone forest: shallow soil and steep slopes make low abundant forests and beragaman. This
forest is home to several endemic species such as the snail.
Peat swamp forest: Sulawesi even though only a small area of peat swamp forests containing high
biodiversity, especially birds.
Freshwater swamp forests: such as peat swamp forests, freshwater forests cover only a small
area of Sulawesi. They consist of palms, pandans, and pitcher plants.
DAMAGE IN THE FOREST IN SULAWESI
Approximately 80 percent of the forest has been damaged Sulawesi. More than 50 percent are
considered in poor condition, while 30 percent-especially in the highlands (above 1500 meters) is
classified under unfavorable conditions.
More than 95 percent of mangrove forests and lowland forests of Sulawesi disturbed. In less than
a decade between the mid-1980s and 1993-Sulawesi mangrove has decreased by more than 60
percent in part due to the cultivation of seafood like shrimp.
Wetlands have suffered even worse: 99 percent of the island's wetlands either missing or
damaged.
Current levels of forest loss was lower than Indonesia's much, but this is mainly because most of
the island's lowland forests were gone by early 1985.
Forest loss is due mainly logging and conversion. Beginning in the 1970s the government began to
support agricultural projects and extensive large-scale logging. Since then migrants from rural to
urban areas have large tracks of forest converted into cash crops such as coffee and cocoa.
massive destruction of forest is not as big a threat as the islands of Sulawesi in Indonesia, just
because there is relatively little forest left. However, the remaining deforestation will be disastrous
for the unique biodiversity of the island, and many are already endangered.
Since the mountain forests at designated for commercial purposes is very little, they are relatively
safe from loggers, but hunting, fire, and erosion because of the threat area remains cleared.
Pollution and habitat destruction from mining is a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem health.
Even reported in the mining area of protected area boundaries.
meat hunting and poaching is a big problem for a number of endangered species, including anoa,
hog deer, crested black macaques, and maleo because eggs for company.
South Sulawesi, northern and central parts, served by several parks and protected areas, it is that
species in the forest and there are very susceptible to survive.
PROTECT IN THE AREA
Sulawesi has six national parks and 19 nature reserves.
Central Sulawesi contains the most famous gardens in the island, Lore Lindu National Park which
covers 229 000 hectares. It is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
In the northern peninsula, Bogani Wartabone Nani National Park protects 300,000 square acres,
while the AOPA Watmohai Swamp National Park protects 105,194 acres in Southeast Sulawesi.
Most of the park, however, often suffer from the encroachment of mining illegal logging, and even
conversion to crops. Thousands of illegal gold miners have been found plying their trade in Bogani
Wartabone Nani National Park.
Sulawesi also has three national marine parks: Bunaken, Wakatobi, and Take Bonerate.
Bunaken National Park includes islands, mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs. National parks
protect the atoll Taka Taka Bonerate Bonerate (and surrounding coral reef), the third largest atoll
in the world and the largest in Southeast Asia. Last but not least, Wakatobi National Park consists
of a chain of 25 islands and coral reefs.